Refraction 1, 12 credits

Passed results of at least 45 higher education credits from the Optometry program semester 1 and 2.

After the course, the student should be able to:

1) describe and apply methods for examination of binocular functions, and be able to analyse the results
2) describe and apply methods for study of phorias and vergences and be able to analyse the results
3) apply communicative tools for medical history taking
4) list, describe, measure and analyse the myopia in relation to the patient's age and expected ability
5) carry out and analyse the results then from a complete refractioning in trial frame and foropter with routine adapted to the patient's visual defect, visual- and mental ability, and interpret and evaluate the results and
6) describe and analyse different physiological aspects related to different visual defects,
7) describe and apply methods for keratometry and retinoscopy for the determination of different visual defects.

And that the student in a scientific content should be able to show:
8) ability to discuss and evaluate knowledge at the scientific level
9) understanding about different scientific types of publication and about the disciplinary foundation of the field,
10) ability to identify his need of additional knowledge and that continuous develop his skills
11) ability to compare and reflect on relevant information from scientific literature and to discuss new facts, phenomena and issues and
12) ability to formulate scientific text in writing.

Aim 8-12 should be seen in relation to the document "Vetenskaplig strimma Optikerprogrammen".

The course contains the following parts: binocular vision, clinical methodology for phoria measurements and keratometry, vergence measurement, AC/A ratio, myopia and refraction in phoropter and trail frame, binocular refractioning methodology and patient routines. In the course, physiological aspects are also included related to refractive errors. In addition to this the course is part of the education in general scientific knowledge within the program. In connection with this the students will continue to specialize within scholarship, scholarship and best practice samtvetenskaplig communication. They will also develop his knowledge and understanding, his skills and abilities his judgement and his scientific thought- and attitude in relation to optometry and a lifelong learning. The education in general scientific knowledge is described in separate.

The course is divided into three (3) parts:

The course comprises self-study, demonstrations, laboratory sessions, theoretical overviews (in the form of lectures, seminars, Case methods, practical exercises), auscultations and written assignments. The students are given a possibility to train practical skills but must take a great responsibility themselves.

The course be examined against the following aims and on the following way:

Part 1, Clinical work, examines the learning outcomes 1-12. Compulsory participation applies at demonstrations, test, laboratory sessions, seminars, study visits and at practical/clinical exercises. in case of absence, measures to be taken are discussed with the course director. The part is examined through written assignments, workshops and a practical test in refractioning. The part is graded according to the scale Fail (U)/Pass (G).

Part 2, Theoretical understanding examines the aims 1-12. The part is examined with a written test. Re examination may be oral. The part is graded according to the scale Fail/Pass/Pass with distinction.

Part 3, Investigative Techniques examine the aims 1 up to 5. Be examined through a practical test in refractioning and ophthalmological instruments. The part is graded according to the scale Fail/Pass.

The whole course is graded according to the scale Fail/Pass/Pass with distinction. For a Pass grade in the course, a Pass grade is required for all its parts. For a Pass with distinction, a Pass grade in parts 1 and 3, and Pass with distinction in part 2 are required.

Criteria for assessing practical tests are established in separate documents.

A student who fails the regular examination has the right to participate at additional five examinations. If the student fails six examinations/test there will be no additional examination. As an examination, the times that the student has participated the same test are counted. Submission of blank exam is counted as an examination. Examination to which the student has registered but not participated in is not counted as an examination.

If the course is closed down or undergoes major changes, students who have not completed the course are given the possibility, during four semesters from the date when the student first registered in the course, to be examined under the then current syllabus After four semesters, the student is examined under the new syllabus.

The course is based on knowledge acquired in previous courses in the program. Teaching in English can occur.

Course evaluation will be carried out in accordance with the guidelines established by the Board of Higher Education.